Focus on understanding the concepts, not just memorizing answers.
I. Core Concepts & General AWS:
- What is cloud computing? (Answer: On-demand delivery of IT resources—everything from applications to data centers—over the Internet. Pay-as-you-go pricing, scalability, and access to global infrastructure are key.) AWS Training in Pune
- What are the benefits of cloud computing? (Answer: Cost savings, scalability, flexibility, reliability, security, global reach, faster time to market.) AWS Course in Pune
- What are the different types of cloud computing? (Answer: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS).)
- What is AWS? (Answer: Amazon Web Services, a comprehensive and widely adopted cloud platform offering a wide range of services.) AWS Classes in Pune
- What are the core components of AWS? (Answer: Compute, Storage, Databases, Networking, Analytics, Security, Management Tools.)
- What is the AWS Shared Responsibility Model? (Answer: AWS is responsible for securing the cloud (physical infrastructure), while the customer is responsible for securing in the cloud (applications, data, operating systems).)
- What are AWS Regions and Availability Zones? (Answer: Regions are geographical areas (e.g., US East, EU West). Availability Zones are distinct locations within a region (data centers). Regions provide fault tolerance, AZs provide high availability.)
- What is AWS Global Infrastructure? (Answer: The worldwide network of AWS Regions and Availability Zones, enabling global reach and low latency.)
II. Compute Services (EC2, Lambda, etc.):
- What is Amazon EC2? (Answer: Elastic Compute Cloud, virtual servers in the cloud.)
- What are EC2 instance types? (Answer: Pre-configured virtual machines with different combinations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking capacity, optimized for various workloads.)
- What are EC2 instance states? (Answer: Running, stopped, terminated, etc. Understand the lifecycle.)
- What are EBS volumes? (Answer: Elastic Block Store, persistent block storage for EC2 instances.)
- What is the difference between instance store and EBS? (Answer: Instance store is ephemeral (data lost when instance is stopped/terminated), EBS is persistent.)
- What are Security Groups? (Answer: Virtual firewalls for EC2 instances, controlling inbound and outbound traffic.)
- What are Elastic IPs? (Answer: Static public IP addresses that you can associate with EC2 instances.)
- What is Auto Scaling? (Answer: Automatically adjusts the number of EC2 instances based on demand.)
- What is AWS Lambda? (Answer: Serverless compute service, run code without managing servers.)
- What are Lambda functions? (Answer: Small, self-contained units of code that are executed by Lambda in response to events.)
- What are Lambda triggers? (Answer: Events that invoke Lambda functions (e.g., S3 events, API Gateway requests).)
- What is containerization? (Answer: Packaging an application and its dependencies into a container that can run consistently across different environments.)
- What are Amazon ECS and EKS? (Answer: ECS is Elastic Container Service (AWS's container orchestration service), EKS is Elastic Kubernetes Service (managed Kubernetes).)
III. Storage Services (S3, EBS, Glacier, etc.):
- What is Amazon S3? (Answer: Simple Storage Service, object storage for any type of data.)
- What are S3 buckets? (Answer: Containers for storing objects in S3.)
- What are S3 storage classes? (Answer: Standard, Intelligent-Tiering, Standard-IA, One Zone-IA, Glacier, Deep Archive (different tiers for varying access frequency and cost).)
- What is Amazon EBS? (Answer: Elastic Block Store, block storage for EC2 instances.)
- What are EBS volume types? (Answer: gp2 (General Purpose SSD), io1 (Provisioned IOPS SSD), st1 (Throughput Optimized HDD), sc1 (Cold HDD), etc. (different performance characteristics and costs).)
- What are snapshots? (Answer: Backups of EBS volumes.)
- What is Amazon Glacier? (Answer: Low-cost archive storage for long-term data retention.)
- What is Amazon EFS? (Answer: Elastic File System, scalable file storage for Linux-based instances.)
IV. Database Services (RDS, DynamoDB, etc.):
- What is Amazon RDS? (Answer: Relational Database Service, managed relational databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, etc.).)
- What are the different RDS instance classes? (Answer: db.t3.micro, db.m5.large, etc. (different compute and memory capacities).)
- What are Multi-AZ deployments in RDS? (Answer: Deploying a database instance in multiple Availability Zones for high availability.)
- What is Amazon Aurora? (Answer: High-performance, MySQL and PostgreSQL-compatible relational database.)
- What is Amazon DynamoDB? (Answer: NoSQL database for key-value and document data.)
- What are DynamoDB tables, items, and attributes? (Answer: Basic components of DynamoDB.)
- What are DynamoDB primary keys? (Answer: Unique identifiers for items in a DynamoDB table.)
V. Networking (VPC, Subnets, Route 53, etc.):
- What is Amazon VPC? (Answer: Virtual Private Cloud, your own isolated network in the AWS cloud.)
- What are subnets? (Answer: Segments of your VPC within an Availability Zone.)
- What are route tables? (Answer: Define how network traffic is routed within your VPC.)
- What are Internet Gateways (IGWs)? (Answer: Enable communication between your VPC and the internet.)
- What are NAT Gateways/NAT instances? (Answer: Allow instances in private subnets to connect to the internet.)
- What are Security Groups and NACLs? (Answer: Security Groups operate at the instance level, NACLs at the subnet level. Both act as firewalls.)
- What is Amazon Route 53? (Answer: Scalable DNS service.)
- What are DNS records? (Answer: Map domain names to IP addresses or other resources.)
VI. Security & Identity (IAM, Security Hub, etc.):
- What is AWS IAM? (Answer: Identity and Access Management, controls access to AWS resources.)
- What are IAM users, groups, roles, and policies? (Answer: Core components of IAM.)
- What is the principle of least privilege? (Answer: Grant only the necessary permissions to users and roles.)
- What is MFA? (Answer: Multi-Factor Authentication, adds an extra layer of security.)
- What is AWS Security Hub? (Answer: Centralized security management service.)
- What is AWS CloudTrail? (Answer: Logs API calls made within your AWS account.)
- What is Amazon GuardDuty? (Answer: Threat detection service.)
VII. Monitoring & Management (CloudWatch, CloudFormation, etc.):
- What is Amazon CloudWatch? (Answer: Monitoring and observability service for AWS resources and applications.)
- What are CloudWatch metrics, alarms, and dashboards? (Answer: Core components of CloudWatch.)
- What is AWS CloudFormation? (Answer: Infrastructure as code service, define and manage AWS resources using templates.)
- What are CloudFormation templates and stacks? (Answer: Core components of CloudFormation.)
VIII. Other Important Concepts:
- What is serverless computing? (Answer: Computing without managing servers.)
- What are microservices? (Answer: Small, independent services that communicate with each other.)
- What is CI/CD? (Answer: Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery, practices for automating the software development lifecycle.)
- What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)? (Answer: Managing infrastructure in a declarative way, using code.)
- What is DevOps? (Answer: A set of practices that combines software development and IT operations.)
IX. Scenario-Based Questions (Examples):
- "Design a highly available web application architecture on AWS."
- "How would you secure your EC2 instances?"
- "How would you use S3 for backups and disaster recovery?"
- "Explain how you would implement Auto Scaling for your application."